13 : Today and Tomorrow

Previous posts sketched the history of the rocks and roots that shaped the regions' landscape. Now I want to hurry through more recent changes, reckoning that many will be familiar to you. Between the latter part of the Enclosures, through the Industrial Revolution to today, t he population of England has risen, from around 10m in 1800 to perhaps 30m in 1900 and 55m today. A lot more people needed feeding, housing and a place to work. The medieval transport network was threadbare. T he responsibility for maintaining the roads rested with the parishes, so they were usually just rough tracks. Things got better from the 1600s. The Enclosures and other innovations in farming increased trade and this, coupled with the increasing use of wheeled vehicles, demanded new or improved roads. Many fords were replaced by bridges and turnpike roads were introduced, run by trusts established by Parliament. The first, in 1663, is now part of the Great North Road...